DEGENERATED DISC DISEASE

When an athlete presents with neck pain accompanied by radiating arm pain, one of the things we check for is degenerated disc disease (DDD) in the neck. With this condition, one or more of the cervical intervertebral discs has worn down. In many cases, DDD is a natural part of aging, which may also be influenced by genetics. For athletes, DDD can happen earlier in life due to overuse or injury, which can cause excessive wear on the intervertebral discs.

There are six cervical intervertebral discs, one situated between each cervical vertebrae. These discs are made up of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus, and a gel-like interior called the nucleus pulposus. Their primary function is to act as a shock absorber within the spine. They provide cushioning between the vertebrae and allow for better mobility.

When DDD is present, the cervical discs begin to lose their hydration and thickness. At first, the annulus fibrosus loses some of its water content, which makes it weaker. The stresses of daily living, and especially training routines and sports, wears it down even more. Sometimes, this leads to facet arthritis, or an arthritis-like condition in the spine.

As the cervical discs deteriorate, it can put pressure on nerve endings in the neck. This is typically where we see symptoms radiate into the arms and shoulders. Patients might report occasional tingling and numbness.